What were the primary demands outlined in Vladimir Lenin's 'April Theses' upon his return to Russia in April 1917?

Immediate end to the war, transfer of land to the peasants, and nationalization of banks.

Support for the Provisional Government and continuation of the war.

Establishment of a constitutional monarchy and free market reforms.

Alliance with Germany and restoration of Tsarist rule.

Why did many European socialists form the 'Second International' in the late 19th century?

To coordinate their efforts to spread socialist ideas and fight for workers' rights internationally.

To establish a unified global capitalist market.

To create a military alliance against colonial powers.

To promote conservative values across Europe.

The 'Bloody Sunday' incident of 1905 involved which of the following events?

A peaceful procession of workers marching to the Winter Palace being fired upon by the police and Cossacks.

A successful coup d'état by the Bolsheviks against the Provisional Government.

The assassination of Tsar Nicholas II by revolutionary terrorists.

A naval mutiny on the battleship Potemkin that led to the overthrow of local authorities.

How did Russia's involvement in the First World War contribute significantly to the collapse of the Tsarist autocracy?

It severely weakened the Tsar's military and public support due to heavy casualties, economic disruption, and food shortages.

It led to a strong patriotic surge that unified the nation behind the Tsar.

It provided an opportunity for the Tsar to implement sweeping democratic reforms and gain popular support.

It resulted in a direct invasion of Petrograd by enemy forces, forcing the Tsar to abdicate.

The collectivization program initiated by Stalin in the late 1920s aimed to achieve which primary objective, despite its severe human cost?

To rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union by extracting agricultural surpluses to fund industrial growth.

To redistribute land equally among all peasants and abolish private property completely.

To gain political support from wealthy landowners (kulaks) by consolidating their farms.

To restore free markets and private farming after the New Economic Policy.

What was the fundamental ideological and organizational difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party?

Bolsheviks believed in a disciplined, small party of professional revolutionaries, while Mensheviks advocated for a broad party with all members.

Bolsheviks believed in a broad, inclusive party open to all, while Mensheviks advocated for a disciplined, small party of professional revolutionaries.

Bolsheviks supported the Provisional Government, while Mensheviks advocated for its overthrow.

Bolsheviks were led by Leon Trotsky, while Mensheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin.

Socialism in Europe and the Russian revolution class 9th

Socialism in Europe and the Russian revolution class 9th - Test Paper